API 测试

简介

Playwright 可用于访问应用程序的 REST API。

有时您可能希望直接从 Python 发送请求到服务器，而无需加载页面并在其中运行 js 代码。以下是一些可能派上用场的示例

测试您的服务器 API。
在测试中访问 Web 应用程序之前准备服务器端状态。
在浏览器中运行某些操作后验证服务器端的后置条件。

所有这些都可以通过 APIRequestContext 方法实现。

以下示例依赖于 pytest-playwright 包，该包将 Playwright 固定装置添加到 Pytest 测试运行程序中。

编写 API 测试

APIRequestContext 可以通过网络发送各种 HTTP(S) 请求。

以下示例演示了如何使用 Playwright 通过 GitHub API 测试问题创建。测试套件将执行以下操作

在运行测试之前创建一个新的存储库。
创建一些问题并验证服务器状态。
运行测试后删除存储库。

配置

GitHub API 需要授权，因此我们将为所有测试配置一次令牌。同时，我们还将设置 baseURL 以简化测试。

import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, APIRequestContext

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def api_request_context(
    playwright: Playwright,
) -> Generator[APIRequestContext, None, None]:
    headers = {
        # We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
        # Add authorization token to all requests.
        # Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
        "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_API_TOKEN}",
    }
    request_context = playwright.request.new_context(
        base_url="https://api.github.com", extra_http_headers=headers
    )
    yield request_context
    request_context.dispose()

编写测试

现在我们已初始化请求对象，我们可以添加一些测试，这些测试将在存储库中创建新的问题。

import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, APIRequestContext

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"

GITHUB_USER = os.getenv("GITHUB_USER")
assert GITHUB_USER, "GITHUB_USER is not set"

GITHUB_REPO = "test"

# ...

def test_should_create_bug_report(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Bug] report 1",
        "body": "Bug description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data)
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Bug] report 1", issues_response))[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Bug description"

def test_should_create_feature_request(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Feature] request 1",
        "body": "Feature description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data)
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Feature] request 1", issues_response))[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Feature description"

设置和拆卸

这些测试假设存储库存在。您可能希望在运行测试之前创建一个新的存储库，并在之后将其删除。为此，请使用会话固定装置。yield 之前的部分是所有之前的部分，之后是所有之后的。

# ...
@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def create_test_repository(
    api_request_context: APIRequestContext,
) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    # Before all
    new_repo = api_request_context.post("/user/repos", data={"name": GITHUB_REPO})
    assert new_repo.ok
    yield
    # After all
    deleted_repo = api_request_context.delete(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}")
    assert deleted_repo.ok

完整的测试示例

这是 API 测试的完整示例

from enum import auto
import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, Page, APIRequestContext, expect

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"

GITHUB_USER = os.getenv("GITHUB_USER")
assert GITHUB_USER, "GITHUB_USER is not set"

GITHUB_REPO = "test"


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def api_request_context(
    playwright: Playwright,
) -> Generator[APIRequestContext, None, None]:
    headers = {
        # We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
        # Add authorization token to all requests.
        # Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
        "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_API_TOKEN}",
    }
    request_context = playwright.request.new_context(
        base_url="https://api.github.com", extra_http_headers=headers
    )
    yield request_context
    request_context.dispose()


@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def create_test_repository(
    api_request_context: APIRequestContext,
) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    # Before all
    new_repo = api_request_context.post("/user/repos", data={"name": GITHUB_REPO})
    assert new_repo.ok
    yield
    # After all
    deleted_repo = api_request_context.delete(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}")
    assert deleted_repo.ok


def test_should_create_bug_report(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Bug] report 1",
        "body": "Bug description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(
        f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
    )
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(
        filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Bug] report 1", issues_response)
    )[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Bug description"


def test_should_create_feature_request(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Feature] request 1",
        "body": "Feature description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(
        f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
    )
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(
        filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Feature] request 1", issues_response)
    )[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Feature description"

通过 API 调用准备服务器状态

以下测试通过 API 创建一个新问题，然后导航到项目中所有问题的列表以检查它是否显示在列表顶部。检查使用 LocatorAssertions 执行。

def test_last_created_issue_should_be_first_in_the_list(api_request_context: APIRequestContext, page: Page) -> None:
    def create_issue(title: str) -> None:
        data = {
            "title": title,
            "body": "Feature description",
        }
        new_issue = api_request_context.post(
            f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
        )
        assert new_issue.ok
    create_issue("[Feature] request 1")
    create_issue("[Feature] request 2")
    page.goto(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    first_issue = page.locator("a[data-hovercard-type='issue']").first
    expect(first_issue).to_have_text("[Feature] request 2")

以下测试通过浏览器中的用户界面创建一个新问题，然后通过 API 检查它是否已创建

def test_last_created_issue_should_be_on_the_server(api_request_context: APIRequestContext, page: Page) -> None:
    page.goto(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    page.locator("text=New issue").click()
    page.locator("[aria-label='Title']").fill("Bug report 1")
    page.locator("[aria-label='Comment body']").fill("Bug description")
    page.locator("text=Submit new issue").click()
    issue_id = page.url.split("/")[-1]

    new_issue = api_request_context.get(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues/{issue_id}")
    assert new_issue.ok
    assert new_issue.json()["title"] == "[Bug] report 1"
    assert new_issue.json()["body"] == "Bug description"

重用身份验证状态

Web 应用程序使用基于 Cookie 或基于令牌的身份验证，其中身份验证状态存储为 Cookie。Playwright 提供 api_request_context.storage_state() 方法，可用于从已认证的上下文检索存储状态，然后使用该状态创建新的上下文。

存储状态可在 BrowserContext 和 APIRequestContext 之间互换。您可以使用它通过 API 调用登录，然后创建一个新的上下文，其中已包含 Cookie。以下代码片段从已认证的 APIRequestContext 中检索状态，并使用该状态创建一个新的 BrowserContext。

request_context = playwright.request.new_context(http_credentials={"username": "test", "password": "test"})
request_context.get("https://api.example.com/login")
# Save storage state into a variable.
state = request_context.storage_state()

# Create a new context with the saved storage state.
context = browser.new_context(storage_state=state)

简介​

编写 API 测试​

配置​

编写测试​

设置和拆卸​

完整的测试示例​

通过 API 调用准备服务器状态​

运行用户操作后检查服务器状态​

重用身份验证状态​

简介