测试运行器

简介

使用几行代码，您可以将 Playwright 连接到您最喜欢的 Java 测试运行器。

Playwright 和浏览器实例可以在测试之间重复使用以提高性能。我们建议在新的 BrowserContext 中运行每个测试用例，这样浏览器状态将在测试之间隔离。

JUnit

在 JUnit 中，您可以在 @BeforeAll 方法中初始化 Playwright 和浏览器，并在 @AfterAll 中销毁它们。在下面的示例中，所有三个测试方法都使用相同的浏览器。每个测试都使用自己的 BrowserContext 和页面。

package org.example;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;
import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

public class TestExample {
  // Shared between all tests in this class.
  static Playwright playwright;
  static Browser browser;

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeAll
  static void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterAll
  static void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  @BeforeEach
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterEach
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}

查看实验性的 JUnit 集成，以自动初始化 Playwright 对象等等。

并行运行测试

默认情况下，JUnit 会在单个线程上顺序运行所有测试。从 JUnit 5.3 开始，您可以更改此行为以并行运行测试以加快执行速度（参见此页面）。由于在没有额外同步的情况下从多个线程使用相同的 Playwright 对象是不安全的，我们建议您为每个线程创建一个 Playwright 实例，并在该线程上独占使用它。以下是如何并行运行多个测试类的示例。

使用 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS) 注释，使 JUnit 为该类中的所有测试方法创建一个类的实例（默认情况下，每个 JUnit 将为每个测试方法创建一个新的类的实例）。将 Playwright 和浏览器对象存储在实例字段中。它们将在测试之间共享。类的每个实例将使用自己的 Playwright 副本。

// Subclasses will inherit PER_CLASS behavior.
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class TestFixtures {
  // Shared between all tests in the class.
  Playwright playwright;
  Browser browser;

  @BeforeAll
  void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterAll
  void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeEach
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterEach
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }
}

class Test1 extends TestFixtures {
  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}

class Test2 extends TestFixtures {
  @Test
  void shouldReturnInnerHTML() {
    page.setContent("<div>hello</div>");
    assertEquals("hello", page.innerHTML("css=div"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    Page popup = page.waitForPopup(() -> {
      page.evaluate("window.open('about:blank');");
    });
    assertEquals("about:blank", popup.url());
  }
}

配置 JUnit 以顺序运行每个类中的测试，并在并行线程上运行多个类（线程最大数量等于 CPU 内核数量的一半）

junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default = same_thread
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.classes.default = concurrent
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=dynamic
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.dynamic.factor=0.5

使用 Gradle

您可以使用用 Groovy 或 Kotlin 编写的 Gradle 构建配置脚本。

build.gradle
build.gradle.kts

plugins {
  application
  id 'java'
}

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
  implementation 'com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.48.0'
}

application {
  mainClass = 'org.example.App'
}

// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"
task playwright(type: JavaExec) {
  classpath sourceSets.test.runtimeClasspath
  mainClass = 'com.microsoft.playwright.CLI'
}

test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

plugins {
  application
  id("java")
}

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
  implementation("com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.48.0")
}

application {
  mainClass.set("org.example.App")
}

// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"
tasks.register<JavaExec>("playwright") {
  classpath(sourceSets["test"].runtimeClasspath)
  mainClass.set("com.microsoft.playwright.CLI")
}

tasks.test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
  testLogging {
    events("passed", "skipped", "failed")
  }
}

然后可以按如下方式启动测试

./gradlew run

此外，Playwright 命令行工具可以使用以下命令运行：

./gradlew playwright --args="help"

TestNG

在 TestNG 中，您可以在 @BeforeClass 方法中初始化 Playwright 和浏览器，并在 @AfterClass 中销毁它们。在下面的示例中，所有三个测试方法都使用相同的浏览器。每个测试都使用自己的 BrowserContext 和页面。

package org.example;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;
import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;

public class TestExample {
  // Shared between all tests in this class.
  Playwright playwright;
  Browser browser;

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeClass
  void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterClass
  void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  @BeforeMethod
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterMethod
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}

简介​

JUnit​

并行运行测试​

使用 Gradle​

TestNG​

简介

JUnit

并行运行测试

使用 Gradle

TestNG