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时钟

简介

准确地模拟时间依赖性行为对于验证应用程序的正确性至关重要。利用 Clock 功能,开发人员可以在测试中操纵和控制时间,从而能够精确验证诸如渲染时间、超时、计划任务等功能,而无需实时执行的延迟和可变性。

Clock API 提供了以下控制时间的方法

  • setFixedTime:为 Date.now()new Date() 设置固定时间。
  • install:初始化时钟并允许您
    • pauseAt:在特定时间暂停时间。
    • fastForward:快进时间。
    • runFor:运行特定持续时间的时间。
    • resume:恢复时间。
  • setSystemTime:设置当前系统时间。

推荐的方法是使用 setFixedTime 将时间设置为特定值。如果这不适用于您的用例,您可以使用 install,它允许您稍后暂停时间、快进时间、滴答时间等。setSystemTime 仅推荐用于高级用例。

注意

page.clock 覆盖了与时间相关的原生全局类和函数,允许手动控制它们

  • Date
  • setTimeout
  • clearTimeout
  • setInterval
  • clearInterval
  • requestAnimationFrame
  • cancelAnimationFrame
  • requestIdleCallback
  • cancelIdleCallback
  • performance
  • Event.timeStamp
警告

如果在测试中的任何时候调用 install,则必须在任何其他与时钟相关的调用之前进行调用(请参阅上面的注释列表)。不按顺序调用这些方法将导致未定义的行为。例如,您不能先调用 setInterval,然后调用 install,再调用 clearInterval,因为 install 会覆盖时钟函数的原生定义。

使用预定义时间进行测试

通常,您只需要伪造 Date.now,同时保持计时器运行。这样,时间会自然流动,但 Date.now 始终返回固定值。

<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
await page.clock.setFixedTime(new Date('2024-02-02T10:00:00'));
await page.goto('https://127.0.0.1:3333');
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:00:00 AM');

await page.clock.setFixedTime(new Date('2024-02-02T10:30:00'));
// We know that the page has a timer that updates the time every second.
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:30:00 AM');

一致的时间和计时器

有时,您的计时器依赖于 Date.now,并且当 Date.now 值不随时间变化时会感到困惑。在这种情况下,您可以安装时钟并在测试时快进到感兴趣的时间。

<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
// Initialize clock with some time before the test time and let the page load
// naturally. `Date.now` will progress as the timers fire.
await page.clock.install({ time: new Date('2024-02-02T08:00:00') });
await page.goto('https://127.0.0.1:3333');

// Pretend that the user closed the laptop lid and opened it again at 10am,
// Pause the time once reached that point.
await page.clock.pauseAt(new Date('2024-02-02T10:00:00'));

// Assert the page state.
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:00:00 AM');

// Close the laptop lid again and open it at 10:30am.
await page.clock.fastForward('30:00');
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:30:00 AM');

测试非活动状态监控

非活动状态监控是 Web 应用程序中的常见功能,它会在用户不活动一段时间后注销用户。测试此功能可能很棘手,因为您需要等待很长时间才能看到效果。借助时钟,您可以加快时间并快速测试此功能。

<div id="remaining-time" data-testid="remaining-time"></div>
<script>
const endTime = Date.now() + 5 * 60_000;
const renderTime = () => {
const diffInSeconds = Math.round((endTime - Date.now()) / 1000);
if (diffInSeconds <= 0) {
document.getElementById('remaining-time').textContent =
'You have been logged out due to inactivity.';
} else {
document.getElementById('remaining-time').textContent =
`You will be logged out in ${diffInSeconds} seconds.`;
}
setTimeout(renderTime, 1000);
};
renderTime();
</script>
<button type="button">Interaction</button>
// Initial time does not matter for the test, so we can pick current time.
await page.clock.install();
await page.goto('https://127.0.0.1:3333');
// Interact with the page
await page.getByRole('button').click();

// Fast forward time 5 minutes as if the user did not do anything.
// Fast forward is like closing the laptop lid and opening it after 5 minutes.
// All the timers due will fire once immediately, as in the real browser.
await page.clock.fastForward('05:00');

// Check that the user was logged out automatically.
await expect(page.getByText('You have been logged out due to inactivity.')).toBeVisible();

手动滴答时间,一致地触发所有计时器

在极少数情况下,您可能希望手动滴答时间,在此过程中触发所有计时器和动画帧,以实现对时间流逝的精细控制。

<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
// Initialize clock with a specific time, let the page load naturally.
await page.clock.install({ time: new Date('2024-02-02T08:00:00') });
await page.goto('https://127.0.0.1:3333');

// Pause the time flow, stop the timers, you now have manual control
// over the page time.
await page.clock.pauseAt(new Date('2024-02-02T10:00:00'));
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:00:00 AM');

// Tick through time manually, firing all timers in the process.
// In this case, time will be updated in the screen 2 times.
await page.clock.runFor(2000);
await expect(page.getByTestId('current-time')).toHaveText('2/2/2024, 10:00:02 AM');