参数化测试
简介
您可以对测试级别或项目级别进行参数化。
参数化测试
[
{ name: 'Alice', expected: 'Hello, Alice!' },
{ name: 'Bob', expected: 'Hello, Bob!' },
{ name: 'Charlie', expected: 'Hello, Charlie!' },
].forEach(({ name, expected }) => {
// You can also do it with test.describe() or with multiple tests as long the test name is unique.
test(`testing with ${name}`, async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto(`https://example.com/greet?name=${name}`);
await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText(expected);
});
});
前后钩子
大多数情况下,您应该将 beforeEach
、beforeAll
、afterEach
和 afterAll
钩子放在 forEach
之外,这样钩子只执行一次
test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
// ...
});
test.afterEach(async ({ page }) => {
// ...
});
[
{ name: 'Alice', expected: 'Hello, Alice!' },
{ name: 'Bob', expected: 'Hello, Bob!' },
{ name: 'Charlie', expected: 'Hello, Charlie!' },
].forEach(({ name, expected }) => {
test(`testing with ${name}`, async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto(`https://example.com/greet?name=${name}`);
await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText(expected);
});
});
如果您想为每个测试都设置钩子,可以将它们放在 describe()
中 - 这样它们会为每个迭代/每个单独的测试执行
[
{ name: 'Alice', expected: 'Hello, Alice!' },
{ name: 'Bob', expected: 'Hello, Bob!' },
{ name: 'Charlie', expected: 'Hello, Charlie!' },
].forEach(({ name, expected }) => {
test.describe(() => {
test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto(`https://example.com/greet?name=${name}`);
});
test(`testing with ${expected}`, async ({ page }) => {
await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText(expected);
});
});
});
参数化项目
Playwright 测试支持同时运行多个测试项目。在以下示例中,我们将使用不同的选项运行两个项目。
我们声明选项 person
,并在配置中设置其值。第一个项目使用值 Alice
运行,第二个项目使用值 Bob
运行。
- TypeScript
- JavaScript
import { test as base } from '@playwright/test';
export type TestOptions = {
person: string;
};
export const test = base.extend<TestOptions>({
// Define an option and provide a default value.
// We can later override it in the config.
person: ['John', { option: true }],
});
const base = require('@playwright/test');
exports.test = base.test.extend({
// Define an option and provide a default value.
// We can later override it in the config.
person: ['John', { option: true }],
});
我们可以像使用 夹具 一样在测试中使用此选项。
import { test } from './my-test';
test('test 1', async ({ page, person }) => {
await page.goto(`/index.html`);
await expect(page.locator('#node')).toContainText(person);
// ...
});
现在,我们可以使用项目在多种配置中运行测试。
- TypeScript
- JavaScript
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
import type { TestOptions } from './my-test';
export default defineConfig<TestOptions>({
projects: [
{
name: 'alice',
use: { person: 'Alice' },
},
{
name: 'bob',
use: { person: 'Bob' },
},
]
});
// @ts-check
module.exports = defineConfig({
projects: [
{
name: 'alice',
use: { person: 'Alice' },
},
{
name: 'bob',
use: { person: 'Bob' },
},
]
});
我们也可以在夹具中使用此选项。了解有关 夹具 的更多信息。
- TypeScript
- JavaScript
import { test as base } from '@playwright/test';
export type TestOptions = {
person: string;
};
export const test = base.extend<TestOptions>({
// Define an option and provide a default value.
// We can later override it in the config.
person: ['John', { option: true }],
// Override default "page" fixture.
page: async ({ page, person }, use) => {
await page.goto('/chat');
// We use "person" parameter as a "name" for the chat room.
await page.getByLabel('User Name').fill(person);
await page.getByText('Enter chat room').click();
// Each test will get a "page" that already has the person name.
await use(page);
},
});
const base = require('@playwright/test');
exports.test = base.test.extend({
// Define an option and provide a default value.
// We can later override it in the config.
person: ['John', { option: true }],
// Override default "page" fixture.
page: async ({ page, person }, use) => {
await page.goto('/chat');
// We use "person" parameter as a "name" for the chat room.
await page.getByLabel('User Name').fill(person);
await page.getByText('Enter chat room').click();
// Each test will get a "page" that already has the person name.
await use(page);
},
});
参数化项目行为在 1.18 版本中已更改。 了解更多。
传递环境变量
您可以使用环境变量从命令行配置测试。
例如,考虑以下需要用户名和密码的测试文件。通常不建议将机密信息存储在源代码中,因此我们需要一种从外部传递机密信息的方法。
test(`example test`, async ({ page }) => {
// ...
await page.getByLabel('User Name').fill(process.env.USER_NAME);
await page.getByLabel('Password').fill(process.env.PASSWORD);
});
您可以使用在命令行中设置的机密用户名和密码运行此测试。
- Bash
- PowerShell
- 批处理
USER_NAME=me PASSWORD=secret npx playwright test
$env:USER_NAME=me
$env:PASSWORD=secret
npx playwright test
set USER_NAME=me
set PASSWORD=secret
npx playwright test
类似地,配置文件也可以读取通过命令行传递的环境变量。
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
use: {
baseURL: process.env.STAGING === '1' ? 'http://staging.example.test/' : 'http://example.test/',
}
});
现在,您可以针对登台环境或生产环境运行测试
- Bash
- PowerShell
- 批处理
STAGING=1 npx playwright test
$env:STAGING=1
npx playwright test
set STAGING=1
npx playwright test
.env 文件
为了更轻松地管理环境变量,请考虑使用 .env
文件。以下示例使用 dotenv
包在配置文件中直接读取环境变量。
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
import dotenv from 'dotenv';
import path from 'path';
// Read from ".env" file.
dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(__dirname, '.env') });
// Alternatively, read from "../my.env" file.
dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'my.env') });
export default defineConfig({
use: {
baseURL: process.env.STAGING === '1' ? 'http://staging.example.test/' : 'http://example.test/',
}
});
现在,您只需编辑 .env
文件即可设置所需的任何变量。
# .env file
STAGING=0
USER_NAME=me
PASSWORD=secret
照常运行测试,您的环境变量应被提取。
npx playwright test
通过 CSV 文件创建测试
Playwright 测试运行器在 Node.js 中运行,这意味着您可以直接从文件系统读取文件并使用您首选的 CSV 库对其进行解析。
例如,请查看此 CSV 文件,在本示例中为 input.csv
"test_case","some_value","some_other_value"
"value 1","value 11","foobar1"
"value 2","value 22","foobar21"
"value 3","value 33","foobar321"
"value 4","value 44","foobar4321"
基于此,我们将使用来自 NPM 的 csv-parse 库生成一些测试
import fs from 'fs';
import path from 'path';
import { test } from '@playwright/test';
import { parse } from 'csv-parse/sync';
const records = parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'input.csv')), {
columns: true,
skip_empty_lines: true
});
for (const record of records) {
test(`foo: ${record.test_case}`, async ({ page }) => {
console.log(record.test_case, record.some_value, record.some_other_value);
});
}