组件(实验性)
介绍
Playwright 测试现在可以测试您的组件。
示例
这是一个典型的组件测试示例
test('event should work', async ({ mount }) => {
let clicked = false;
// Mount a component. Returns locator pointing to the component.
const component = await mount(
<Button title="Submit" onClick={() => { clicked = true }}></Button>
);
// As with any Playwright test, assert locator text.
await expect(component).toContainText('Submit');
// Perform locator click. This will trigger the event.
await component.click();
// Assert that respective events have been fired.
expect(clicked).toBeTruthy();
});
如何开始
将 Playwright 测试添加到现有项目很简单。以下是为 React、Vue、Svelte 或 Solid 项目启用 Playwright 测试的步骤。
步骤 1:为您的框架安装组件的 Playwright 测试
- npm
- yarn
- pnpm
npm init playwright@latest -- --ct
yarn create playwright --ct
pnpm create playwright --ct
此步骤会在您的工作区中创建几个文件
<html lang="en">
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="module" src="./index.ts"></script>
</body>
</html>
此文件定义了一个 html 文件,该文件将在测试期间用于渲染组件。它必须包含带有 id="root"
的元素,组件将安装在此处。它还必须链接名为 playwright/index.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}
的脚本。
您可以使用此脚本将样式表包含在内、应用主题并将代码注入组件安装的页面。它可以是 .js
、.ts
、.jsx
或 .tsx
文件。
// Apply theme here, add anything your component needs at runtime here.
步骤 2. 创建一个测试文件 src/App.spec.{ts,tsx}
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
import App from './App';
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<App />);
await expect(component).toContainText('Learn React');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import App from './App.vue';
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(App);
await expect(component).toContainText('Learn Vue');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import App from './App.vue';
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<App />);
await expect(component).toContainText('Learn Vue');
});
如果使用 TypeScript 和 Vue,请确保将 vue.d.ts
文件添加到您的项目中
declare module '*.vue';
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
import App from './App.svelte';
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(App);
await expect(component).toContainText('Learn Svelte');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
import App from './App';
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<App />);
await expect(component).toContainText('Learn Solid');
});
步骤 3. 运行测试
您可以使用 VS Code 扩展 或命令行运行测试。
npm run test-ct
进一步阅读:配置报告、浏览器、跟踪
请参考 Playwright 配置 来配置您的项目。
测试故事
当 Playwright 测试用于测试 Web 组件时,测试在 Node.js 中运行,而组件在真实浏览器中运行。这将两者优势结合在一起:组件在真实浏览器环境中运行,触发真实的点击,执行真实的布局,视觉回归是可能的。同时,测试可以使用 Node.js 的所有功能以及所有 Playwright 测试功能。因此,在组件测试期间,可以使用相同并行、参数化测试以及相同的事后追踪故事。
但这会导致一些限制
- 您不能将复杂的实时对象传递给您的组件。只能传递纯 JavaScript 对象和内置类型,例如字符串、数字、日期等。
test('this will work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<ProcessViewer process={{ name: 'playwright' }}/>);
});
test('this will not work', async ({ mount }) => {
// `process` is a Node object, we can't pass it to the browser and expect it to work.
const component = await mount(<ProcessViewer process={process}/>);
});
- 您不能通过回调同步地将数据传递给您的组件
test('this will not work', async ({ mount }) => {
// () => 'red' callback lives in Node. If `ColorPicker` component in the browser calls the parameter function
// `colorGetter` it won't get result synchronously. It'll be able to get it via await, but that is not how
// components are typically built.
const component = await mount(<ColorPicker colorGetter={() => 'red'}/>);
});
解决这些问题和其他限制的方法既快速又优雅:针对被测组件的每个用例,创建专门为测试设计的组件包装器。它不仅可以缓解限制,还可以提供强大的抽象来进行测试,您可以在其中定义环境、主题以及组件渲染的其他方面。
假设您想要测试以下组件
import React from 'react';
type InputMediaProps = {
// Media is a complex browser object we can't send to Node while testing.
onChange(media: Media): void;
};
export function InputMedia(props: InputMediaProps) {
return <></> as any;
}
为您的组件创建一个故事文件
import React from 'react';
import InputMedia from './import-media';
type InputMediaForTestProps = {
onMediaChange(mediaName: string): void;
};
export function InputMediaForTest(props: InputMediaForTestProps) {
// Instead of sending a complex `media` object to the test, send the media name.
return <InputMedia onChange={media => props.onMediaChange(media.name)} />;
}
// Export more stories here.
然后通过测试故事来测试组件
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
import { InputMediaForTest } from './input-media.story.tsx';
test('changes the image', async ({ mount }) => {
let mediaSelected: string | null = null;
const component = await mount(
<InputMediaForTest
onMediaChange={mediaName => {
mediaSelected = mediaName;
}}
/>
);
await component
.getByTestId('imageInput')
.setInputFiles('src/assets/logo.png');
await expect(component.getByAltText(/selected image/i)).toBeVisible();
await expect.poll(() => mediaSelected).toBe('logo.png');
});
因此,对于每个组件,您将拥有一个故事文件,该文件导出实际上被测试的所有故事。这些故事驻留在浏览器中,并将复杂对象“转换为”可以在测试中访问的简单对象。
幕后
以下是组件测试的工作原理
- 测试执行后,Playwright 会创建一个测试所需的组件列表。
- 然后,它会编译一个包含这些组件的捆绑包,并使用本地静态 Web 服务器提供它。
- 在测试中的
mount
调用时,Playwright 会导航到此捆绑包的幕后页面/playwright/index.html
,并告诉它渲染组件。 - 事件将被编组回 Node.js 环境,以允许验证。
Playwright 使用 Vite 来创建组件捆绑包并提供它。
API 参考
道具
在安装时向组件提供道具。
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
test('props', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component msg="greetings" />);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
test('props', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component msg="greetings" />);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
test('props', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { props: { msg: 'greetings' } });
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('props', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { props: { msg: 'greetings' } });
});
// Or alternatively, using the `jsx` style
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('props', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component msg="greetings" />);
});
回调/事件
在安装时向组件提供回调/事件。
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
test('callback', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component onClick={() => {}} />);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
test('callback', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component onClick={() => {}} />);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
test('event', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { on: { click() {} } });
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('event', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { on: { click() {} } });
});
// Or alternatively, using the `jsx` style
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('event', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component v-on:click={() => {}} />);
});
子元素/插槽
在安装时向组件提供子元素/插槽。
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
test('children', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component>Child</Component>);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
test('children', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component>Child</Component>);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
test('slot', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { slots: { default: 'Slot' } });
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('slot', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component, { slots: { default: 'Slot' } });
});
// Or alternatively, using the `jsx` style
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('children', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component>Child</Component>);
});
钩子
您可以使用 beforeMount
和 afterMount
钩子来配置您的应用程序。这使您可以设置诸如应用程序路由器、模拟服务器等内容,从而为您提供所需的灵活性。您还可以从测试中的 mount
调用传递自定义配置,该配置可以从 hooksConfig
夹具访问。这包括在安装组件之前或之后需要运行的任何配置。下面提供了配置路由器的示例
- React
- Solid
- Vue3
- Vue2
import { beforeMount, afterMount } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react/hooks';
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
export type HooksConfig = {
enableRouting?: boolean;
}
beforeMount<HooksConfig>(async ({ App, hooksConfig }) => {
if (hooksConfig?.enableRouting)
return <BrowserRouter><App /></BrowserRouter>;
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
import type { HooksConfig } from '../playwright';
import { ProductsPage } from './pages/ProductsPage';
test('configure routing through hooks config', async ({ page, mount }) => {
const component = await mount<HooksConfig>(<ProductsPage />, {
hooksConfig: { enableRouting: true },
});
await expect(component.getByRole('link')).toHaveAttribute('href', '/products/42');
});
import { beforeMount, afterMount } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid/hooks';
import { Router } from '@solidjs/router';
export type HooksConfig = {
enableRouting?: boolean;
}
beforeMount<HooksConfig>(async ({ App, hooksConfig }) => {
if (hooksConfig?.enableRouting)
return <Router><App /></Router>;
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
import type { HooksConfig } from '../playwright';
import { ProductsPage } from './pages/ProductsPage';
test('configure routing through hooks config', async ({ page, mount }) => {
const component = await mount<HooksConfig>(<ProductsPage />, {
hooksConfig: { enableRouting: true },
});
await expect(component.getByRole('link')).toHaveAttribute('href', '/products/42');
});
import { beforeMount, afterMount } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue/hooks';
import { router } from '../src/router';
export type HooksConfig = {
enableRouting?: boolean;
}
beforeMount<HooksConfig>(async ({ app, hooksConfig }) => {
if (hooksConfig?.enableRouting)
app.use(router);
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import type { HooksConfig } from '../playwright';
import ProductsPage from './pages/ProductsPage.vue';
test('configure routing through hooks config', async ({ page, mount }) => {
const component = await mount<HooksConfig>(ProductsPage, {
hooksConfig: { enableRouting: true },
});
await expect(component.getByRole('link')).toHaveAttribute('href', '/products/42');
});
import { beforeMount, afterMount } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue2/hooks';
import Router from 'vue-router';
import { router } from '../src/router';
export type HooksConfig = {
enableRouting?: boolean;
}
beforeMount<HooksConfig>(async ({ app, hooksConfig }) => {
if (hooksConfig?.enableRouting) {
Vue.use(Router);
return { router }
}
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue2';
import type { HooksConfig } from '../playwright';
import ProductsPage from './pages/ProductsPage.vue';
test('configure routing through hooks config', async ({ page, mount }) => {
const component = await mount<HooksConfig>(ProductsPage, {
hooksConfig: { enableRouting: true },
});
await expect(component.getByRole('link')).toHaveAttribute('href', '/products/42');
});
卸载
从 DOM 卸载安装的组件。这对于测试组件在卸载时的行为很有用。用例包括测试“您确定要离开吗?”模态框,或确保正确清理事件处理程序以防止内存泄漏。
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
test('unmount', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.unmount();
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
test('unmount', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.unmount();
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
test('unmount', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component);
await component.unmount();
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('unmount', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component);
await component.unmount();
});
// Or alternatively, using the `jsx` style
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('unmount', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.unmount();
});
更新
更新安装组件的道具、插槽/子元素和/或事件/回调。这些组件输入可以随时更改,通常由父组件提供,但有时有必要确保您的组件对新输入做出适当的行为。
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
test('update', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.update(
<Component msg="greetings" onClick={() => {}}>Child</Component>
);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
test('update', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.update(
<Component msg="greetings" onClick={() => {}}>Child</Component>
);
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
test('update', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component);
await component.update({
props: { msg: 'greetings' },
on: { click() {} },
slots: { default: 'Child' }
});
});
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('update', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(Component);
await component.update({
props: { msg: 'greetings' },
on: { click() {} },
slots: { default: 'Child' }
});
});
// Or alternatively, using the `jsx` style
import { test } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
test('update', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<Component/>);
await component.update(
<Component msg="greetings" v-on:click={() => {}}>Child</Component>
);
});
处理网络请求
Playwright 提供了一个实验性的 router
夹具来拦截和处理网络请求。有两种使用 router
夹具的方法
- 调用
router.route(url, handler)
,其行为类似于 page.route()。有关更多详细信息,请参见 网络模拟指南。 - 调用
router.use(handlers)
并向其传递 MSW 库 请求处理程序。
以下是如何在测试中重用现有的 MSW 处理程序的示例。
import { handlers } from '@src/mocks/handlers';
test.beforeEach(async ({ router }) => {
// install common handlers before each test
await router.use(...handlers);
});
test('example test', async ({ mount }) => {
// test as usual, your handlers are active
// ...
});
您还可以为特定测试引入一次性处理程序。
import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw';
test('example test', async ({ mount, router }) => {
await router.use(http.get('/data', async ({ request }) => {
return HttpResponse.json({ value: 'mocked' });
}));
// test as usual, your handler is active
// ...
});
常见问题解答
@playwright/test
和 @playwright/experimental-ct-{react,svelte,vue,solid}
之间有什么区别?
test('…', async ({ mount, page, context }) => {
// …
});
@playwright/experimental-ct-{react,svelte,vue,solid}
包装 @playwright/test
以提供一个额外的内置组件测试特定夹具,称为 mount
- React
- Solid
- Svelte
- Vue
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
import HelloWorld from './HelloWorld';
test.use({ viewport: { width: 500, height: 500 } });
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<HelloWorld msg="greetings" />);
await expect(component).toContainText('Greetings');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import HelloWorld from './HelloWorld.vue';
test.use({ viewport: { width: 500, height: 500 } });
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(HelloWorld, {
props: {
msg: 'Greetings',
},
});
await expect(component).toContainText('Greetings');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-svelte';
import HelloWorld from './HelloWorld.svelte';
test.use({ viewport: { width: 500, height: 500 } });
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(HelloWorld, {
props: {
msg: 'Greetings',
},
});
await expect(component).toContainText('Greetings');
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-solid';
import HelloWorld from './HelloWorld';
test.use({ viewport: { width: 500, height: 500 } });
test('should work', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount(<HelloWorld msg="greetings" />);
await expect(component).toContainText('Greetings');
});
此外,它还添加了一些您可以在 playwright-ct.config.{ts,js}
中使用的配置选项。
最后,在幕后,每个测试都会重新使用 context
和 page
夹具,作为组件测试的加速优化。它会在每个测试之间重置它们,因此它在功能上等效于 @playwright/test
的保证,即您每个测试都会获得一个新的、隔离的 context
和 page
夹具。
我有一个已经使用 Vite 的项目。我可以重复使用该配置吗?
目前,Playwright 与捆绑器无关,因此它不会重复使用您现有的 Vite 配置。您的配置中可能有很多东西我们无法重复使用。因此,目前,您需要将路径映射和其他高级设置复制到 Playwright 配置的 ctViteConfig
属性中。
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-react';
export default defineConfig({
use: {
ctViteConfig: {
// ...
},
},
});
您可以通过 Vite 配置为测试设置指定插件。请注意,一旦您开始指定插件,您也需要负责指定框架插件,在本例中为 vue()
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import { resolve } from 'path';
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue';
import AutoImport from 'unplugin-auto-import/vite';
import Components from 'unplugin-vue-components/vite';
export default defineConfig({
testDir: './tests/component',
use: {
trace: 'on-first-retry',
ctViteConfig: {
plugins: [
vue(),
AutoImport({
imports: [
'vue',
'vue-router',
'@vueuse/head',
'pinia',
{
'@/store': ['useStore'],
},
],
dts: 'src/auto-imports.d.ts',
eslintrc: {
enabled: true,
},
}),
Components({
dirs: ['src/components'],
extensions: ['vue'],
}),
],
resolve: {
alias: {
'@': resolve(__dirname, './src'),
},
},
},
},
});
如何测试使用 Pinia 的组件?
Pinia 需要在 `playwright/index.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}` 中初始化。如果你在 `beforeMount` 钩子函数中进行初始化,那么 `initialState` 可以根据每个测试用例进行覆盖。
import { beforeMount, afterMount } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue/hooks';
import { createTestingPinia } from '@pinia/testing';
import type { StoreState } from 'pinia';
import type { useStore } from '../src/store';
export type HooksConfig = {
store?: StoreState<ReturnType<typeof useStore>>;
}
beforeMount<HooksConfig>(async ({ hooksConfig }) => {
createTestingPinia({
initialState: hooksConfig?.store,
/**
* Use http intercepting to mock api calls instead:
* https://playwright.net.cn/docs/mock#mock-api-requests
*/
stubActions: false,
createSpy(args) {
console.log('spy', args)
return () => console.log('spy-returns')
},
});
});
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/experimental-ct-vue';
import type { HooksConfig } from '../playwright';
import Store from './Store.vue';
test('override initialState ', async ({ mount }) => {
const component = await mount<HooksConfig>(Store, {
hooksConfig: {
store: { name: 'override initialState' }
}
});
await expect(component).toContainText('override initialState');
});
如何访问组件的方法或实例?
在测试代码中访问组件的内部方法或实例既不推荐也不支持。相反,专注于从用户的角度观察和交互组件,通常是通过点击或验证页面上是否有东西可见。当测试避免与内部实现细节(如组件实例或其方法)进行交互时,测试会变得不那么脆弱,更有价值。请记住,如果测试从用户的角度运行时失败,则很可能意味着自动化测试发现了代码中的真正错误。