跳到主要内容

模拟

简介​

使用 Playwright，您可以在任何浏览器上测试您的应用程序，并模拟真实设备，例如手机或平板电脑。只需配置您想要模拟的设备，Playwright 将模拟浏览器行为，例如 "userAgent"、"screenSize"、"viewport" 以及是否启用 "hasTouch"。您还可以为所有测试或特定测试模拟 "geolocation"、"locale" 和 "timezone"，以及设置 "permissions" 以显示通知或更改 "colorScheme"。

设备​

Playwright 附带一个设备参数注册表，使用 playwright.devices 用于选定的桌面、平板电脑和移动设备。它可以用于模拟特定设备的浏览器行为，例如用户代理、屏幕尺寸、视口以及是否启用触摸。所有测试都将使用指定的设备参数运行。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test'; // import devices

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
      },
    },
    {
      name: 'Mobile Safari',
      use: {
        ...devices['iPhone 13'],
      },
    },
  ],
});
playwright.dev website emulated for iPhone 13

视口​

视口包含在设备中，但您可以使用 page.setViewportSize() 为某些测试覆盖它。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `viewport` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `viewport` for that device.
        viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
      },
    },
  ]
});

测试文件

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 },
});

test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

同样适用于测试文件内部。

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.describe('specific viewport block', () => {
  test.use({ viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 } });

  test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
    // ...
  });
});

isMobile​

是否考虑 meta 视口标签并启用触摸事件。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `isMobile` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `isMobile` for that device.
        isMobile: false,
      },
    },
  ]
});

区域设置和时区​

模拟用户区域设置和时区，可以在配置中为所有测试全局设置，然后为特定测试覆盖。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Emulates the user locale.
    locale: 'en-GB',

    // Emulates the user timezone.
    timezoneId: 'Europe/Paris',
  },
});
tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  locale: 'de-DE',
  timezoneId: 'Europe/Berlin',
});

test('my test for de lang in Berlin timezone', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://www.bing.com');
  // ...
});
Bing in german lang and timezone

权限​

允许应用程序显示系统通知。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Grants specified permissions to the browser context.
    permissions: ['notifications'],
  },
});

允许特定域的通知。

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test } from '@playwright/test';

test.beforeEach(async ({ context }) => {
  // Runs before each test and signs in each page.
  await context.grantPermissions(['notifications'], { origin: 'https://skype.com' });
});

test('first', async ({ page }) => {
  // page has notifications permission for https://skype.com.
});

使用 browserContext.clearPermissions() 撤销所有权限。

// Library
await context.clearPermissions();

地理位置​

授予 "geolocation" 权限并将地理位置设置为特定区域。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Context geolocation
    geolocation: { longitude: 12.492507, latitude: 41.889938 },
    permissions: ['geolocation'],
  },
});
tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
geolocation for italy on bing maps

稍后更改位置

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page, context }) => {
  // overwrite the location for this test
  await context.setGeolocation({ longitude: 48.858455, latitude: 2.294474 });
});

注意您只能更改上下文中所有页面的地理位置。

颜色方案和媒体​

模拟用户的 "colorScheme"。支持的值为“light”和“dark”。您还可以使用 page.emulateMedia() 模拟媒体类型。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    colorScheme: 'dark',
  },
});
tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

test('my test with dark mode', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
playwright web in dark mode

用户代理​

用户代理包含在设备中，因此您很少需要更改它，但是如果您确实需要测试不同的用户代理，您可以使用 userAgent 属性覆盖它。

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ userAgent: 'My user agent' });

test('my user agent test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

离线​

模拟网络离线。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    offline: true
  },
});

启用 JavaScript​

模拟 JavaScript 被禁用的用户场景。

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ javaScriptEnabled: false });

test('test with no JavaScript', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});