编写测试

简介

Playwright 测试很简单，它们会

• 执行操作，并且
• 根据预期断言状态。

在执行操作之前无需等待任何内容：Playwright 会在执行每个操作之前自动等待通过各种可操作性检查。

执行检查时也无需处理竞态条件 - Playwright 断言的设计方式是描述最终需要满足的预期。

就是这样！这些设计选择让 Playwright 用户完全无需担心测试中的不稳定超时和竞态检查问题。

您将学习

• 如何编写第一个测试
• 如何执行操作
• 如何使用断言
• 测试如何在隔离环境中运行
• 如何使用测试钩子

第一个测试

请看以下示例，了解如何编写测试。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Test]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

操作

导航

大多数测试将从导航页面到 URL 开始。之后，测试将能够与页面元素进行交互。

await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

Playwright 会等待页面达到加载状态后再继续。了解更多关于 Page.GotoAsync() 选项的信息。

交互

执行操作始于定位元素。Playwright 使用 Locators API 来完成此任务。定位器表示在任何时刻找到页面上的元素(s) 的方法，了解更多关于可用的不同类型的定位器。Playwright 会在执行操作之前等待元素变为可操作状态，因此无需等待它变为可用。

// Create a locator.
var getStarted = Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" });

// Click it.
await getStarted.ClickAsync();

在大多数情况下，可以一行代码完成

await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

基本操作

这是最受欢迎的 Playwright 操作列表。请注意还有很多其他操作，请务必查看 Locator API 部分以了解更多信息。

操作	描述
Locator.CheckAsync()	选中输入复选框
Locator.ClickAsync()	点击元素
Locator.UncheckAsync()	取消选中输入复选框
Locator.HoverAsync()	鼠标悬停在元素上
Locator.FillAsync()	填充表单字段，输入文本
Locator.FocusAsync()	聚焦元素
Locator.PressAsync()	按下单个键
Locator.SetInputFilesAsync()	选择文件上传
Locator.SelectOptionAsync()	在下拉列表中选择选项

断言

Playwright 提供一个名为 Expect 的异步函数，用于断言并等待直到满足预期条件。

await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));

这是最受欢迎的异步断言列表。请注意还有许多其他断言可以了解。

断言	描述
Expect(Locator).ToBeCheckedAsync()	复选框被选中
Expect(Locator).ToBeEnabledAsync()	控件已启用
Expect(Locator).ToBeVisibleAsync()	元素可见
Expect(Locator).ToContainTextAsync()	元素包含文本
Expect(Locator).ToHaveAttributeAsync()	元素具有属性
Expect(Locator).ToHaveCountAsync()	元素列表具有给定长度
Expect(Locator).ToHaveTextAsync()	元素匹配文本
Expect(Locator).ToHaveValueAsync()	输入元素具有值
Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync()	页面有标题
Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync()	页面有 URL

测试隔离

Playwright NUnit 和 MSTest 测试框架基类通过提供独立的 Page 实例来隔离每个测试。由于浏览器上下文的存在，页面在测试之间是隔离的，浏览器上下文等同于一个全新的浏览器配置文件，即使在单个浏览器中运行多个测试，每个测试也能获得一个全新的环境。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

使用测试钩子

MSTest

您可以使用 SetUp/TearDown 来准备和清理测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    [SetUp]
    public async Task SetUp()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

NUnit

您可以使用 TestInitialize/TestCleanup 来准备和清理测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    [TestInitialize]
    public async Task TestInitialize()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

xUnit

您可以使用 InitializeAsync/DisposeAsync 来准备和清理测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    override public async Task InitializeAsync()
    {
        await base.InitializeAsync();
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }

    public override async Task DisposeAsync()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("After each test cleanup");
        await base.DisposeAsync();
    }
}

下一步

• 运行单个测试、多个测试、有头模式
• 使用 Codegen 生成测试
• 查看测试的跟踪
• 在 CI 上运行测试
• 了解更多关于 MSTest、NUnit 或 xUnit 基类的信息