编写测试

简介

Playwright 测试很简单，它们

• 执行操作，并且
• 根据期望断言状态。

在执行操作之前，无需等待任何事情：Playwright 会自动等待各种 可操作性 检查通过，然后再执行每个操作。

在执行检查时，也无需处理竞争条件 - Playwright 断言的设计方式使其描述了最终需要满足的期望。

就是这样！这些设计选择使 Playwright 用户可以完全忘记测试中不稳定的超时和竞争性检查。

您将学习

• 如何编写第一个测试
• 如何执行操作
• 如何使用断言
• 测试如何在隔离环境中运行
• 如何使用测试钩子

第一个测试

查看以下示例，了解如何编写测试。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Test]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

操作

导航

大多数测试将从导航页面到 URL 开始。之后，测试将能够与页面元素进行交互。

await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");

Playwright 将等待页面达到加载状态，然后再继续前进。了解有关 Page.GotoAsync() 选项的更多信息。

交互

执行操作从定位元素开始。Playwright 使用 Locators API 来实现这一点。定位器表示一种在任何时刻查找页面上元素的方法，了解有关可用的 不同类型 定位器的更多信息。Playwright 将等待元素变为 可操作，然后再执行操作，因此无需等待其变为可用。

// Create a locator.
var getStarted = Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" });

// Click it.
await getStarted.ClickAsync();

在大多数情况下，它将写成一行

await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

基本操作

这是最受欢迎的 Playwright 操作列表。请注意，还有更多操作，因此请务必查看 Locator API 部分以了解有关它们的更多信息。

操作	描述
Locator.CheckAsync()	选中输入复选框
Locator.ClickAsync()	单击元素
Locator.UncheckAsync()	取消选中输入复选框
Locator.HoverAsync()	将鼠标悬停在元素上
Locator.FillAsync()	填写表单字段，输入文本
Locator.FocusAsync()	聚焦元素
Locator.PressAsync()	按下单个键
Locator.SetInputFilesAsync()	选择要上传的文件
Locator.SelectOptionAsync()	在下拉列表中选择选项

断言

Playwright 提供了一个名为 Expect 的异步函数，用于断言并等待直到满足预期条件。

await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));

这是最受欢迎的异步断言列表。请注意，还有 更多 断言需要熟悉

断言	描述
Expect(Locator).ToBeCheckedAsync()	复选框已选中
Expect(Locator).ToBeEnabledAsync()	控件已启用
Expect(Locator).ToBeVisibleAsync()	元素可见
Expect(Locator).ToContainTextAsync()	元素包含文本
Expect(Locator).ToHaveAttributeAsync()	元素具有属性
Expect(Locator).ToHaveCountAsync()	元素列表具有给定长度
Expect(Locator).ToHaveTextAsync()	元素匹配文本
Expect(Locator).ToHaveValueAsync()	输入元素具有值
Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync()	页面具有标题
Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync()	页面具有 URL

测试隔离

Playwright NUnit 和 MSTest 测试框架基类将通过提供单独的 Page 实例来隔离每个测试。由于浏览器上下文（相当于全新的浏览器配置文件），页面在测试之间是隔离的，即使多个测试在单个浏览器中运行，每个测试也会获得一个全新的环境。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

使用测试钩子

MSTest

您可以使用 SetUp/TearDown 来准备和清理您的测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    [SetUp]
    public async Task SetUp()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

NUnit

您可以使用 TestInitialize/TestCleanup 来准备和清理您的测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    [TestInitialize]
    public async Task TestInitialize()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }
}

xUnit

您可以使用 InitializeAsync/DisposeAsync 来准备和清理您的测试环境

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.net.cn/");
    }

    override public async Task InitializeAsync()
    {
        await base.InitializeAsync();
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.net.cn");
    }

    public override async Task DisposeAsync()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("After each test cleanup");
        await base.DisposeAsync();
    }
}

下一步是什么

• 运行单个测试、多个测试、有头模式
• 使用 Codegen 生成测试
• 查看测试的跟踪
• 在 CI 上运行测试
• 了解有关 MSTest、NUnit 或 xUnit 基类的更多信息